|
|
| Zinc | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 9.2 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.65 |
| Magnetic ordering | Diamagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 3850 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 129.7 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 6.67 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 114.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.390 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 116 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 30.2 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 412 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 70 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.25 |
| Shear modulus | 43 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 108 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.9 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.22 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.33 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 38.9 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
9.394 |
| Second
|
17.964 |
| Third
|
39.722 |
| Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.002050 |
| Reflectivity | % |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
8.63886 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
8.61578 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 20) |
9.572 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
1.0117 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
1.0117 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 28.6) |
1.0347 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 1) |
1.107 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 1) |
1.107 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 3) |
0.906 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 9) |
0.8843 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
135 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
142 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
131 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
139 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
No data. |
| Metallic
|
134 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IV | 0.74 | 0.6 | * |
| V | 0.82 | 0.68 | * | |
| VI | 0.88 | 0.74 | R* | |
| VIII | 1.04 | 0.9 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Zn+2 |
| Other
|
Zn+1 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
906.4 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1733.3 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3832.6 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
5730 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
7970 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
10400 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
12900 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
16800 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
19600 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
23000 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 610 | 670 | 750 | 852 | 990 | (1185) |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 266.49 pm |
| b = 266.49 pm | |
| c = 494.68 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |